Composite primary keys can be useful in multi-tenant applications. For example, if you app has discrete users that don't need to cross talk often. By usimg composite keys you can make the 'identifier' for a record the accountid + thingid. This allows each user to have thingid=1 if you wanted. Composite keys are also great for belongstomany joint tables.
If you are using Mysql there are some side benefits as well. MySql stores rows on disk based on the primary key. When yoou use composite keys mysql will cluster data for an account close together. This can make read queries faster as there are fewer disk seeks used to find the data for a given account.
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